Isotrema macrophyllum (Pipevine) - NC Ecotype

Isotrema macrophyllum is a unique, fast-growing deciduous vine endemic to the Appalachian Mountains. It grows well in average to moist soils in full to partial sun, although it can grow more slowly in shadier areas. It is a robust vine, typically growing up living and dead trees on wooded slopes up to 25’. It can also be grown along trellises, wires, and other scaffolding. The vines are woody, so they can be left alone or trimmed back in winter. Typically Isotrema macrophyllum produces a large flush of leaves that can be useful in landscaping, making a leafing canopy over arbors, or shelter for birds against a rock wall. Although it will not tolerate dry soils and drought, it is otherwise very hardy, tolerant of pollution, deer browse, and can grow under black walnut trees.

Warning: This species is highly toxic, any part of the plant ingested can cause irreversible kidney failure.

Isotrema macrophyllum is popular in the Appalachian region as a host plant for the Pipevine Swallowtail butterfly (Battus philenor), where its prodigious foliage can provide sufficient food for a number of caterpillars, and consequently butterflies of iridescent blues. Although this relationship is its primary attraction, Isotrema macrophyllum has additional benefits as its inconspicuous flowers attract flies as its primary pollinators, as well as hummingbirds. It also can provide shelter for birds and other animals when grown against a wide surface such as a cliff or barn wall.

Pollinators: flies

Host Plant for Butterflies/Moths: Only known to host Pipevine Swallowtail in our region

Dependent Species: Pipevine Swallowtail (Battus philenor)

Wildlife Value: Hummingbirds

Deer Resistance: Good

Native Region: Appalachian Mountains

Seed Origin: Watauga County, NC

Ecoregion: 66 - Blue Ridge

USDA Zones: 4-8

States found in our region: GA, KY, MD, NC, PA, SC, TN, VA, WV